Artificial Intelligence is not new. It’s actually been around since the 1940s. However, over the last few years the increase in accessibility and affordability of AI has resulted in it being an integral part of our lives. From recommending the music we should listen to, suggesting a better way to word that email and even autonomously driving us home.
But what about a vital industry such as construction? Labour shortages, tough economic conditions and dangerous working environments are major hurdles to productive, safe construction. In the first article of this series, we’ll explore some of the ways AI can make construction more efficient.
AI-aided Design:
Before a mound of dirt is moved or hole drilled, AI can, and is being utilised to improve design. Computer Aided Design (CAD) took limited 2D blueprints and allowed greater speed and flexibility to create models without sacrificing accuracy. It was much easier for engineers and architects to visualise complex projects. In recent years, CAD models have been enhanced by Building Information Modeling (BIM).
Building Information Modelling:
BIM is an interactive software used for planning, designing and constructing buildings or infrastructure. Real-world data is inputted such as existing water mains and gas pipes. This allows designs to consider the environments around them which can influence how projects are built and even the materials used.
During the construction phase, the 3D modelling created by engineers and architects can be accessed by builders. Designs can be stress tested to ensure they are practical for everyday use.
Post construction, building managers and real estate agents can use that same information for maintenance and sales. The increased collaboration ensures construction is designed properly, executed efficiently and maintained effectively.
Generative Design:
AI algorithms can create numerous design alternatives based on specified constraints and goals, allowing architects to explore innovative structures that balance aesthetics, functionality, and cost-efficiency. Applying Gen AI algorithms to a BIM can supercharge initial ideas and iterations to construction plans.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR):
Integrating VR and AR with AI-enhanced BIM can offer immersive experiences where stakeholders can ‘walk through’ and interact with the model before construction begins, identifying potential issues early on. This is a great way to get builders, architects and engineers all on the same page. Developers can also take advantage of this technology to build interest in projects. Site tours are no longer limited to just display suites. Investors and potential homeowners can experience residential properties and commercial spaces before they are finished.
Intelligent Budget Management:
It’s not uncommon for construction projects to go over budget. Especially so when its large scale, infrastructure works. In the current climate of high inflation and volatility, economical construction is vital. Machine learning, a subset of AI can enhance project management. In regards to cost analysis, machine learning can assess previous projects, identify patterns and factor in future risks to produce more accurate budgets. Allocation of tasks can be automated and prioritised based on timelines, reducing the time and financial cost for overdue construction.
Automating Construction Tasks:
AI can also address critical labour shortages. The technology is already being adopted to complete mundane, repetitive jobs on the worksite. From autonomous vehicles delivering raw materials to pouring concrete and drilling foundations. Eliminating human error not only keeps costs and down time low but also removes workers from potentially dangerous situations.
Robotic Bricklaying and Welding:
Advanced robots can perform tasks such as bricklaying and welding with precision and speed, significantly reducing construction times and ensuring consistent quality:
3D Printing:
AI-guided 3D printers can construct complex building components and even entire structures layer by layer, offering rapid prototyping and construction with reduced material waste.
By integrating AI into these various aspects of construction, the industry can overcome many of its traditional challenges, paving the way for more efficient, and cost-effective building practices. Stay tuned for part 2 of the series, where we dive into AI’s impact on construction site safety.